When we think of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, the image of a prodigious genius often overshadows the reality of his musical development. One area of his work that deserves scrutiny is his treatment of canons, particularly in his Kyrie K.89. While canons are frequently seen as an entry point into the world of polyphony, Mozart’s versions reveal a stark simplicity that belies the complexities often associated with great composers.

The canon, a straightforward and rigorous compositional technique, is typically the first form grasped by children learning music. Yet, Mozart’s attempts at this form in his K.89 are fundamentally elementary, mainly employing unison voices and imitating the style of his supposed mentor, the Marchese de Ligniville. The notion that these canons serve as evidence of Mozart’s mastery of counterpoint is questionable, as his works primarily reflect a lack of deeper understanding rather than a profound artistry.

Many scholars, including Hermann Abert and Neal Zaslaw, have suggested that Mozart may have benefitted from Ligniville’s teachings during a brief stay in Florence. However, the reality of this mentorship remains vague, with only a few days available for instruction. The assertion that K.89 demonstrates Mozart’s familiarity with counterpoint is undermined by its reliance on copying rather than original composition. The piece consists of merely repeating simple motifs, leading to a product that lacks musical depth and sophistication.

The K.89 is essentially a pastiche, with Mozart replicating two-bar and three-bar phrases rather than crafting a genuinely innovative work. This method of composition results in a repetitive structure that fails to engage the listener on any meaningful level. Critics have noted that the final cadenza is riddled with compositional errors, indicating a lack of guidance and proper schooling in counterpoint.

Furthermore, the idea that K.89 should be held up as a testament to Mozart’s genius is misguided. The work serves as a reminder of the danger in romanticising his early output. While Mozart may have been adept at imitating others, true innovation and mastery require more than mere replication; they necessitate a comprehensive understanding of musical language and form.

In essence, K.89 stands as a historical curiosity rather than a hallmark of genius. It exemplifies the early stages of a composer still grappling with the fundamental principles of music rather than demonstrating an accomplished mastery of the craft.